Social anxiety is when a person becomes overly nervous, worried, or very overwhelmed, particularly in social situations. For children with autism, social anxiety can be even more pronounced, as social interactions may already be challenging due to difficulties in understanding social cues and communication. These children may experience heightened anxiousness or fear in situations involving the potential for judgment or evaluation by others, such as in school or social gatherings. They might worry about embarrassing themselves or receiving too much attention, which can be particularly stressful for children on the autism spectrum, who often prefer routine and predictability.
Children with autism and social anxiety might avoid being the center of attention, and in some cases, this can lead to panic attacks. A panic attack involves both physical and mental symptoms such as sweating, nausea, intense worry, shaking, and a rapid heartbeat. These symptoms can be especially distressing for a child with autism, who may already struggle with sensory sensitivities.
Social anxiety in children with autism may present itself through behaviors like avoiding eye contact, speaking softly, or withdrawing from social situations altogether. These children might also struggle with negative thinking, low self-esteem, and difficulty being assertive. For instance, they may avoid talking to teachers or peers, participating in group activities, or even using a public restroom due to fear of judgment or making mistakes.
Blushing, trembling, and other physical signs of anxiety can create a cycle where the child becomes more anxious because they are aware that others can see their discomfort. This awareness can further intensify their anxiety, making social situations increasingly challenging.
Children with autism who experience social anxiety are likely to avoid many social situations, including eating in front of others, starting conversations, attending parties, or interacting with unfamiliar people. This avoidance can impact their ability to make friends, succeed in school, and participate in everyday activities, leading to feelings of isolation and increased anxiety.
For some, the anxiety can become so overwhelming that it qualifies as Social Anxiety Disorder, a condition recognized in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). This manual also includes other diagnoses like autism, ADHD, and various anxiety disorders, highlighting the interconnectedness of these conditions.
Schools can play a vital role in supporting children with autism and social anxiety. Designated quiet areas with sensory tools, fidget toys, or noise-canceling headphones can help these students regulate their emotions. Having a counselor available for one-on-one support, possibly engaging in activities like puzzles or crafts, can also reduce the pressure of social interactions and make the child feel more comfortable.
For children who struggle with completing assignments due to anxiety, additional support in school, such as quiet spaces for homework or flexible deadlines, can alleviate some of their stress. Ensuring the environment is not too loud or overwhelming, especially in common areas like the lunchroom, can also help these children cope better with their anxiety.
Parents can take several steps at home to support a child with autism who is experiencing social anxiety:
Supporting a child with autism and social anxiety requires a comprehensive approach that involves both school and home environments, helping children navigate social situations with greater confidence and ease. If you are concerned about your child with autism’s social skills development, please consider enrolling in our Beyond the Bell Socials Skills Program.
