Language is a powerful tool; it shapes perceptions, fosters understanding, and influences how we view individuals and communities. This is especially true when discussing complex and often misunderstood conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder.
Over the years, an important conversation has emerged within the autism community regarding the use of person-first language (e.g., “person with autism”) versus identity-first language (e.g., “autistic person”). While preferences vary, the language used in these conversations carries significant weight – it reflects values, lived experiences, and beliefs about identity. Understanding the impact of language and the perspectives behind these preferences is key to fostering inclusive and respectful dialogue.
Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental condition that affects social interaction, communication, behavior, and learning. It is referred to as a “spectrum” because each individual experiences autism differently, with varying strengths, challenges, and support needs. Some individuals may require significant assistance, while others may navigate the world with greater independence.
No two individuals with autism are the same. While there may be shared traits, the characteristics of autism can vary widely from one person to another. Recognizing this diversity helps ensure that conversations around autism remain nuanced, respectful, and centered on the individual.
The conversation around language can be traced back to the broader disability rights movement, which focuses on inclusion, empowerment, and person-centered care. Person-first language – such as “person with autism” – places the individual before the diagnosis. This approach was developed to reinforce the idea that a person is not defined by their condition but is, first and foremost, a human being with unique qualities, interests, and experiences.
For example, similar phrasing is used across other diagnoses, such as “person with ADHD” or “person with depression,” to emphasize that the condition is just one aspect of a person’s life, not the whole picture.
On the other hand, identity-first language—such as “autistic person”—reflects a different perspective. Some individuals on the autism spectrum prefer this approach because they view autism as a core part of who they are. For them, it is not something to be separated from their identity, but rather something that shapes how they interact with the world and contributes to their strengths and experiences.
Advocates for person-first language emphasize its role in promoting dignity and respect. By saying “person with autism,” the language centers the individual and underscores that autism does not define them entirely. It helps shift the focus toward the person’s humanity, capabilities, and individuality.
This approach can be particularly helpful in reducing stigma by reframing how autism is discussed in healthcare, education, and community settings. It affirms that a diagnosis does not diminish a person’s worth or potential and reminds others to see beyond labels.
However, some individuals feel that person-first language may imply that autism is something separate or even undesirable. They argue that by distancing autism from the person, it might unintentionally suggest that it’s something to be removed or overcome. For these individuals, autism is not something external – it’s an integral part of their identity and lived experience.
While many people and organizations prefer person-first language, it’s important to understand why some individuals favor identity-first phrasing. For some, identifying as a “person who is autistic” is a source of pride. They may feel that autism shapes their perspective in meaningful ways – such as how they think, communicate, and engage with the world.
Some individuals on the autism spectrum share that their neurodivergent traits, including attention to detail, creativity, or deep focus, contribute positively to their personal and professional lives. Embracing this identity-first view is, for them, a way to advocate for acceptance and reduce stigma.
Proponents of identity-first language also believe it challenges deficit-based narratives by affirming that autism is not something to be ashamed of but rather a valid part of human diversity. While not everyone shares this view, acknowledging it helps promote empathy and greater understanding.
This ongoing conversation about language is about more than just terminology; it reflects our values and how we choose to interact with and support others. The words we use have the power to shape public perception, influence policies, and impact how individuals with autism feel seen and understood.
Whether one prefers person-first or identity-first language, the heart of the matter is respect. Being open to individual preferences and allowing space for those on the spectrum to define how they identify is an important step toward building inclusive communities.
For families, educators, clinicians, and broader society, using thoughtful language creates opportunities for learning and connection. It reinforces that all individuals – regardless of how they identify – deserve compassion, dignity, and support.
Ultimately, the choice between person-first and identity-first language should be guided by the preferences of the individual. For some, “person with autism” feels affirming. For others, identity-first phrasing may better reflect how they understand themselves. There is no one-size-fits-all approach and that’s okay.
The key is to listen, remain curious, and approach each conversation with kindness. When we respect the voices of individuals with autism and the language they choose to describe themselves, we not only validate their experiences – we also create space for a more inclusive, empathetic world.
